发达国家农业生态补贴政策及其对中国的启示

Analysis of agricultural ecological subsidy policies in developed countries and/or regions and their implications for China

推进农业绿色发展,是加快农业现代化、促进农业可持续发展的重大举措,也是推进农业供给侧结构性改革的必然要求。美国、日本、欧盟等发达国家及地区在践行农业生态补贴政策方面已有多年的经验,且均取得了良好的政策效果。本文从农业生态补贴主体、客体、目的、标准及政策效果等方面,对上述国家及地区的农业生态补贴政策进行梳理与分析,并在此基础之上总结出对于我国的经验启示,其中包括建立健全农业生态补贴法律法规,明确中央及地方政府在农业生态补贴中的职责和定位,因地制宜制定补贴标准,注重生态项目的科学合理设计,构建严格的监督监测机制等。

Promoting the green development of agriculture is a major measure to accelerate agricultural modernization and the shifting to sustainable development.It is also an inevitable requirement for promoting the structural reform of supply side of agriculture.Developed countries and/or regions such as the United States,Japan,and the European Union have implemented agricultural ecological subsidy policies for many years,with demonstrated positive outcomes.This paper reviews and analyzes the agro-ecological subsidy policies of the above-mentioned countries and/or regions covering the aspects of subject,object,purpose,standards,and policy effects.And thereupon this paper summarizes and derives the implications for China,including establishing and improving the laws and regulations of agro-ecological subsidy,clarifying the responsibilities and positions of central and local governments in implementing agro-ecological subsidy policies,adapting subsidy standards to local conditions,attaching importance to the scientific and rational design of ecological projects,and establishing a strict supervision and monitoring mechanism.