男性颈动脉硬化病人吸烟偏好及相关影响因素研究

A STUDY OF SMOKING PREFERENCE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND RELATED INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS

目的 探讨中老年男性颈动脉硬化病人吸烟偏好及动脉硬化相关影响因素的状况。方法 选择2017年6月—2018年11月于某三甲医院查体和就诊符合本研究纳入标准的中老年男性277例,收集人口学、生活习惯和既往病史资料,同时完成E-Prime 2.0软件编制的香烟及钱币决策偏好任务,并行颈动脉血管超声检查。根据颈动脉超声结果将受试者分为硬化组和非硬化组,分析吸烟决策偏好与颈动脉硬化发生的关系,以及各相关因素对颈动脉硬化的影响。结果 硬化组对香烟的选择次数和选择总次数较非硬化组均明显增加,差异有统计学意义( t =3.811、3.936, P <0.01);吸烟硬化组对香烟的选择次数和选择总次数较吸烟非硬化组均明显增加,差异有统计学意义( t =2.393、2.045, P <0.05)。硬化组在年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等方面较非硬化组均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(χ^2 =6.807~26.589, P <0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症是颈动脉硬化发生的独立影响因素,而吸烟决策偏好不是颈动脉硬化发生的独立影响因素。结论颈动脉硬化者与非硬化者在吸烟决策偏好上存在差异,但吸烟决策偏好不是颈动脉硬化的独立影响因素。年龄、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症是颈动脉硬化发生的独立影响因素。

Objective To investigate the smoking preference in middle-aged and elderly male patients with carotid atherosclerosis and related influencing factors for carotid atherosclerosis. Methods We enrolled 277 middle-aged and elderly men, who underwent physical examination or consulted doctors in a grade A tertiary hospital from June 2017 to November 2018, according to the inclusion criteria. Data about demography, lifestyle, and previous medical history were collected. A decision-making task based on cigarette or money preference developed by E-Prime 2.0 software was completed, and carotid artery ultrasound examination was performed. According to the results of carotid artery ultrasound, the subjects were divided into atherosclerosis group and non-atherosclerosis group. Analyses were conducted for assessing the relationship between smoking preference and the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis, and the influence of various related factors on carotid atherosclerosis. Results The atherosclerosis group had a significantly increased number of times of cigarette selection as well as a significantly increased total number of times of selection compared with the non-atherosclerosis group ( t =3.811,3.936;P <0.01). The smokers with atherosclerosis had a significantly increased number of times of cigarette selection as well as a significantly increased total number of times of selection compared with the smokers without atherosclerosis ( t =2.393,2.045;P <0.05). The atherosclerosis group had a significantly older age and significantly higher rates of smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia than the non-athe- rosclerosis group (χ^2=6.807-26.589, P <0.01). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were independent influencing factors for carotid atherosclerosis, while smoking preference was not an independent risk factor. Conclusion Although smoking preference differs between patients with and without carotid atherosclerosis , it is not an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis. Age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are independent influencing factors for carotid atherosclerosis.