新疆和田地区墨玉县35～74岁成年人健康生活方式与慢性疾病史的关联

Association between healthy lifestyle and chronic disease history in adults aged 35～74 years in Moyu, Hetian, Xinjiang

目的了解新疆和田地区墨玉县35~74岁成年人健康生活方式,探讨健康生活方式与慢性疾病史的关联性,为常见慢性病的防治提供依据。方法于2018年在和田地区墨玉县招募35~74岁队列成员并完成基线调查,采用统一制定的调查问卷,收集研究对象人口特征、行为方式、既往慢性病史等信息。健康的生活方式包括当前不吸烟、不过量饮酒、健康饮食习惯、积极的体力活动、健康体重[18.5 kg/m^2≤体质指数(BMI)<24.0 kg/m^2]和腰围男性<85 cm、女性<80 cm。既往慢性病史根据自我报告的医院诊断信息,分析了调查问卷中的28种慢性疾病。采用Logistic回归模型分析有无慢性疾病史者健康生活方式评分的差异。结果(1)本研究分析研究对象10 516人,以女性、45~64岁人群、小学文化程度、务农工作者为主,有慢性疾病史的占68.46%。(2)健康生活方式评分为(2.79±1.01)分,2~4分的人群占比89.64%,6分者占比仅为0.44%。6种生活方式中,不经常参加体育锻炼及腰围超标占总研究对象比例最高,分别为90.00%和81.00%。(3)有无慢性疾病史与健康生活方式评分之间存在关联性。与评分≤1分的人群相比,评分>1分的人群有高血压、胆结石、缺血性心脏病、急性心梗史的风险较低,慢性肾病及慢性肝炎史与健康生活方式评分无关联性。结论新疆和田地区墨玉县成年人健康生活方式评分较低,健康生活方式评分与慢性疾病史间存在关联,通过积极的体力活动和控制体重等健康的生活方式,可能会降低慢性疾病的发生风险,为慢性疾病的预防控制提供理论依据。

Objective To investigate the relationship between healthy lifestyle and chronic disease history in Moyu, Hetian, Xinjiang, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of common chronic diseases. Method In 2018, the cohort members aged 35 to 74 years were recruited in Moyu, Hetian, Xinjiang and the baseline survey was completed. A unified questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristics, behavioral patterns, previous chronic medical history and other information of the subjects. Healthy lifestyles were defined as current nonsmoking, non-excessive alcohol drinking, eating vegetables and fruits daily, upper quarter of physical activity level, 18.5 kg/m^2≤BMI(body mass index)<24.0 kg/m^2 and waist <90 cm(man) or <85 cm(women). Based on self-reported hospital diagnosis information, 28 chronic diseases were analyzed in the questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the difference of healthy lifestyle score among patients with and without chronic disease history. Results A total of 10 516 subjects were analyzed in this study, mainly were female, people aged 45-64, primary school and agricultural workers, and 68.46% of them had disease history. The score of healthy lifestyle was 2.79±1.01, accounting for 89.64% of people with 2-4 points, and only 0.44% of people with 6 points. Among the six lifestyles, infrequent physical exercise and excess waist circumference accounted for the highest proportion(90.00% and 81.00% respectively). There was a correlation between with or without disease history and healthy lifestyle score. Compared with those with the score of >1 had a lower risk of hypertension, gallstones, ischemic heart disease, and acute myocardial infarction, and a history of chronic kidney disease and choronic hepatitis were not associated with a healthy lifestyle score. Conclusion The healthy lifestyle score of adults in Moyu, Hetian, Xinjiang is relatively low, and there is a correlation between the healthy lifestyle score and the history of chronic diseases. Through active physical activity, weight control and other healthy lifestyles, the risk of chronic diseases may be reduced, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases.