新疆和田地区墨玉县居民DASH膳食评分与糖尿病史关系的病例对照研究

A case-control study on the relationship between DASH dietary score and diabetes history in Moyu, Hetian, Xinjiang

目的探讨新疆和田地区墨玉县人群DASH膳食评分与糖尿病史的关系。方法使用"新疆多民族自然人群队列建设研究"和田地区墨玉县基线调查数据,选择有糖尿病史的人群作为病例组,将年龄和性别作为匹配条件选择对照组,进行成组匹配的病例对照研究。根据食物摄入频率对于糖尿病为保护因素的膳食种类进行正向赋分,得分依次为1~5分,对应Q1~Q5,即此类食物摄入越少得分越低;对于糖尿病为危险因素的膳食种类进行反向赋分,得分依次为1~5分,对应Q1~Q5,即此类食物摄入越少得分越高,总分即为DASH膳食评分。比较病例组和对照组间DASH膳食评分以及一般人口学信息、饮酒、吸烟、体力活动的分布差异。结果调查对象中既往有糖尿病病史组和对照组各505人,既往有糖尿病病史组和对照组DASH膳食评分分别为(32.05±2.90)分、(26.83±1.26)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-37.131,P<0.001)。既往有糖尿病病史组与对照组在粮谷类、白肉类、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、乳制品、坚果6种正向赋分的DASH膳食评分构成有差别(P<0.001),Q1的构成比低于对照组,Q5中的构成比高于对照组;红肉类、油炸食品、含糖饮料3种反向赋分的DASH膳食评分构成有差别(P<0.001),Q1的构成比低于对照组,Q5中的构成比高于对照组。结论新疆和田地区墨玉县居民DASH膳食评分与糖尿病史有关,糖尿病史的人群DASH膳食评分高于对照组,说明该人群已注意控制饮食,饮食结构趋向合理。

Objective To explore the difference in DASH dietary score between the previous diabetes patients and the general population in Hetian, Xinjiang. Methods Using the "Xinjiang Multi-ethnic cohort study" and the baseline survey data of Moyu, Hetian, Xinjiang, the population with diabetes history were selected as the case group, and the age and sex were used as matching conditions to select the control group, and a paired case-control study was conducted. According to the frequency of food intake, the dietary type of diabetes is a positive factor, the score is 1-5 points, corresponding to Q1-Q5, that is, the less the food intake, the lower the score;For the differential classification of diabetes as a risk factor, the score is 1-5 points, corresponding to Q1-Q5, that is, the less the food intake, the higher the score, the total score is the DASH score. The DASH scores between the case group and the control group were compared with the differences in general demographic information, drinking, smoking, and physical activity distribution. Results Among the respondents, there were 505 patients in the case group and the control group. The DASH dietary scores of the case group and the control group were(32.05±2.90) and(26.83±1.26), and the difference was statistically significant(t=-37.131, P<0.001). There were significant differences in DASH scores between the case group and the control group in 6 kinds of diets with positive scores, including cereals, white meat, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, dairy products and nuts(P<0.001). The composition ratio of Q1 was low. In the control group, the composition ratio in Q5 was higher than that in the control group;There was significant difference in DASH score of the case group and control group among 3 kinds of diets with reverse scores of red meat, fried food and sugary beverage(P<0.001). The consumption ratio of Q1 was low in the control group, the consumption ration in Q5 was higher than that in the control group. Conclusion The DASH scores of the patients with diabetes history in Moyu, Hetian, Xinjiang were higher than those in the control group, indicating that the patients with diabetes history had paid attention to diet control, and the diet structure tending to be reasonable.