贸易自由化、技术进步与行业内工资不平等——基于中国工业企业数据的分析

Trade Liberalization,Technical Progress and Intra-industry Wage Inequality:Based on Chinese Manufacturing Firm Dataset Analysis

本文使用1998—2007年的中国制造业企业数据,研究了贸易自由化与技术进步对我国制造业行业内的工资不平等的影响。结果发现,无论以最终品关税还是以中间投入品关税来衡量贸易自由化,贸易自由化都会显著减小行业内工资不平等。在纠正了联立性偏差与选择性偏差之后,发现技术进步会显著加大行业内工资不平等。本文进一步使用分位数回归进行机制验证,结果显示,贸易自由化减小行业内工资不平等,主要通过提高行业内低工资企业的工资水平同时降低行业内高工资企业的工资水平;技术进步加大行业内工资不平等,主要通过相对更多地提高高工资企业的工资水平。本文的实证结果通过了多种稳健性检验。因此,本文的研究结论既证实了我国进一步推进贸易开放的必要性,又对解决我国收入分配问题具有重要的指导意义。

Based on Chinese manufacturing firm dataset over the period of 1998-2007,this paper empirically examines the impact of trade liberalization and technological progress on intraindustry wage inequality in manufacturing industries.The results show that,whether in terms of output tariffs or input tariffs,trade liberalization has significantly reduced wage inequality in manufacturing industries.After correcting the simultaneity bias and selection bias,technological progress will significantly increase the wage inequality within the industry.Using the quantile regression,the article verifies the mechanism and the results show that trade liberalization reduces wage inequality within the industry,mainly by increasing the average wage of those firms with lower wage level and reducing the average wage of those firms with higher wage level;technological progress raises the wage inequality within the industry,mainly by relatively increasing the average wage of those firms with higher wage level.The empirical results of the paper have been examined through various robustness tests,and the conclusion shows that trade liberalization and technological progress have important guiding significance for China's settlement of income distribution.