“四高一转”：白居易人生道路的个体特征

"Four Highs and One Turn" :The Individual Characteristics of Bai Juyi’s Life Path

本文结合隋唐科举制建立的历史条件下“士”阶层的社会职责,揭示了白居易人生道路的显著个体特征,即“四高一转”。所谓“四高”,指其年寿高、官位高、人品高、心境高。所谓“一转”,指贬谪江州这一政治挫折,给其人生道路所带来的极为显著的转折变化,并深入分析了形成白居易人生道路之个体特征的主要原因。进而指出,白居易是通过科举考试而出仕为官、经受过宦海浮沉而始终保持志节情操、从不因碌碌政务而丝毫放松对诗歌艺术的热爱和追求的“士”阶层的典型代表,是一位年高德劭、望尊性达、并取得了杰出艺术成就的伟大诗人。白居易的人生道路,突破了“但是诗人多薄命”的预言,但其后期时有重复庸常之作,难免耽酒享乐之俗,也是他为其寿高位隆而不得不付出的艺术代价。

Combining with the social responsibilities of the "scholar" class under the historical conditions of the establishment of the imperial examination system in Sui and Tang Dynasties, this paper reveals the distinct individual characteristics of BaiJuyi's life path, namely "four highs and one turn". The so-called "four highs" refers to his longevity, high official position, high moral values and good state of mind. Among them, longevity and high official position are only the basic conditions, high moral values is the basis of people, and good state of mind is the main reason why it deeply influences future generations. The so-called "turn" refers to the political setback of relegation to Jiangzhou, which has brought about a remarkable turning point in BaiJuyi's life path. The main reasons for the formation of the individual characteristics of BaiJuyi's life path are analyzed in depth. Furthermore, it points out that BaiJuyi is a typical representative of the "scholar" class, who has been an official through the imperial examination, who has experienced the ups and downs of the eunuchs and has always maintained his ambition and sentiment, and never relaxed his love and pursuit of poetry and art because of his busy government affairs. He is a great scholar with high morality, high prestige and outstanding artistic achievements. Poet.BaiJuyi's life breaks through the prophecy of "but how ill-fated poets are". However, in his later period, there are repetitions of mediocre works, which are also the artistic cost he has to pay for his high life.