基于有限元的多轴汽车行驶平顺性仿真

Simulation of Ride Comfort of Multi-axle Vehicle Based on Finite Element Method

多轴汽车的行驶平顺性对乘员的驾驶疲劳和货物完好程度有着重要影响。应用有限元的概念,对多轴汽车的力学模型进行单元化处理,建立每个单元类型的刚度阵和阻尼阵,按照单元位移在总位移向量中的对应位置完成振动结构数学模型系数矩阵的组装,经过强迫位移约束处理,建立多轴汽车的振动数学模型。在给定路面不平度的功率谱的前提下,建立虚拟的多轴路面激励,在虚拟激励下实现多轴汽车的真实响应分析。结果表明,有限元法建立汽车振动微分方程与虚拟激励法结合,方法简单可行。通过仿真实例,验证了本方法在多轴汽车的行驶平顺性分析中的可行性。

Multi-axle vehicle ride comfort has an important influence on driving fatigue and cargo intact. The concept of finite element method was applied, mechanical model of multi-axle vehicle was disposed, stiffness and damping matrices for each element type was established, according to the corresponding position of element displacement in the total displacement vector, coefficient matrices of mathematical model were assembled for multi-axle vehicle vibration structure. Through forced displacement constraint processing, the multi-axle vehicle vibration math model was established. Under the premise of power spectrum of road surface roughness given, the pseudo road excitation was established, and the pseudo excitation method is applied to analyze the ride comfort of multi-axle vehicles. The results show that the finite element method combined with the pseudo excitation method is simple and feasible. Simulation results show that the method in the paper is effective in analyzing the ride comfort of multi-axle vehicles.