氧化石墨烯及其复合材料对水中放射性核素的吸附

Graphene oxide and its composites for adsorption of radionuclides in water

在核能和核技术的快速发展过程及应用中产生了大量放射性废水,其对生态环境会造成潜在的污染,因此对放射性废水处理技术的研究对保护环境有着重要的意义。氧化石墨烯及其复合材料具有比表面积高、官能团丰富、吸附能力强、化学稳定性好等优点,在放射性废水处理领域受到广泛关注。本文综述了近年来有关氧化石墨烯及其复合材料对水中放射性核素吸附的研究现状及进展,介绍了氧化石墨烯及其复合材料对放射性核素的吸附容量、吸附等温模型、吸附热力学、影响因素和吸附机理。最后分析了氧化石墨烯及其复合材料处理放射性核素在辐射稳定性和高吸附选择性等方面面临的问题和挑战,探讨了推动该类材料今后实际放射性废水处理中工程应用的重点研究方向,如完善的产业体系和积极研发相匹配的成套水处理工艺及设备等。

With the rapid development and application of nuclear energy and technology,a large number of radioactive wastewater was produced,which caused potential pollution to the ecological environment.The research on radioactive wastewater treatment is of great significance to environmental protection.Graphene oxide and its composites have attracted much attention in the field of radioactive wastewater treatment because of their high specific surface area,abundant functional groups,strong adsorption capacity and good chemical stability.Recent research status and progress on adsorption of radionuclides in water by graphene oxide and its composites were reviewed.The adsorption capacity,adsorption isothermal model,adsorption thermodynamics,influencing factors and adsorption mechanism of graphene oxide and its composites for radionuclides were introduced.In the end,the problems and challenges faced by the research on graphene oxide and its composites in the treatment of radionuclides in terms of radiation stability and high adsorption selectivity were analyzed.The key research directions for promoting the application of the graphene oxide and its composites in practical radioactive wastewater treatment projects in the future were discussed,such as the perfect industrial system and actively developing a set of matching water treatment processes and equipments.