西藏自治区草地生态系统服务功能损益核算研究

The Study on Profit and Loss About Ecosystem Service Value of Glassland Ecosystem in Tibetan Autonomous Region

西藏是我国西部地区重要的生态屏障,受气候和地形的限制,畜牧业成为该地区的支柱产业.发展畜牧业的重要基础和前提是草地,因此草地生态系统的建立对西藏经济社会发展具有举足轻重的作用.为了理清西藏地区草地生态系统的服务价值变化量,明确草地生态系统在西藏经济发展中的重要地位,本文从涵养水源、固土保肥、固碳释氧和净化大气四个生态系统服务功能角度,按照西藏自治区自然资源资产负债表编制指标要求,利用成本代替法等对2007和2014年西藏地区草地生态系统服务功能价值量损益进行核算分析.研究结果显示,2007和2014年西藏地区草地生态系统四项服务功能价值总量分别为19 790.326亿元和21 709.284亿元,同比增长9.7%.其中涵养水源价值量和固碳释氧价值量增加最大,分别占增加量的64.7%和22.0%.根据西藏自治区草地生态系统服务功能损益核算研究结果可为西藏地区制定科学合理的草地保护政策提供依据,同时为其他地区草地生态系统的相关研究提供借鉴.

Tibet is an important ecological barrier in the western region of China. Constrained by climate and topography, animal husbandry has become a pillar industry in this region. Grassland is the important basis and prerequisite for the development of animal husbandry, therefore, the ecological ecology of grassland plays a decisive role in the economic and social development of Tibet. In order to estimate the variation of service value in Tibet grassland ecosystem, and make clear with its importance in Tibetan economic growth, this paper selects four ecosystem services: water conservation, soil conservation, carbon fixation, oxygen release and purification of the atmosphere, from the perspective of function, according to the requirements of the Tibet Autonomous Region Natural Resources Balance Sheet Compilation Index, the alternative cost method is used to calculate the profit and loss of grassland ecosystem service function value in Tibet in 2007 and 2014. The results of the study showed that the total value of the four service functions of the grassland ecosystem in Tibet in 2007 and 2014 were 1 979.032 6 billion and 2 170.928 4 billion respectively, an increase of 9.7% over the same period of last year. In which the value of water conservation source value and carbon fixation and oxygen release increased the most, accounted for 64.7% and 22.0% of the increase. According to the damage and benefit of the grassland ecosystem service function in the Tibet Autonomous Region, the results may provide the basis for scientific and rational development of Tibet grassland protection policies, and provide reference for studies of grassland ecosystems in other regions.