长沙市岳麓区2014-2018年手足口病流行病学特征和病原学监测结果分析

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic monitoring results of hand-foot-mouth disease in Yuelu District of Changsha City from 2014 to 2018

目的:了解岳麓区手足口病疫情流行特征,为手足口病防控工作提供科学依据。方法:通过传染病报告管理系统查询2014-2018年期间岳麓现住居民中手足口病患者的信息数据;收集整理2014-2018年岳麓区手足口病患者病原学监测结果。结果:长沙市岳麓区2014-2018年累计上报手足口病共15476例,平均发病率为373.01/10万,发病率呈隔年高发趋势,最高达471.28/10万。患者主要集中于各年份的4~7月、9~11月;1岁年龄组的发病病例最多,占5年总发病人数的32.21%;男女性别比为1.43∶1;岳麓区各街道均有手足口病病例上报,其中坪塘、含浦、天顶、岳麓街道发病率较高,而乡镇地区莲花镇、雨敞坪镇和老城区桔洲街道及周边发病率较低。2014-2018年岳麓区共开展手足口病病原监测323例,阳性率73%,其中肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A16(CA16)、其他肠道病毒构成比分别为17%、32%、51%。结论:长沙市岳麓区手足口病呈隔年高发的趋势,发病多集中于每年的4~7月和9~11月,男性高于女性。坪塘、含浦、天顶、岳麓街道应作为手足口病重点防控街道。柯萨奇病毒A16(CA16)是主要病原体。

Objective:To understand the epidemic characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Yuelu District,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of hand,foot and mouth disease.Methods:We choosed all of the HFMD cases reported in Yuelu Distinct between 2014-2018 years through the China Disease Prevention and Control System.Result:A total of 15 476 HFMD cases were reported in Yuelu District from 2014 to 2018,the median average incidence rate was 373.01/10 million,the incidence rate showed a trend of high incidence every other year,the highest incidence rate was 471.28/10 million,patients were mainly suffered in April-July,September-November of each year.1 years old children infector was in the largest number, accounting for 32.21% of the total.The male to female ratio was 1.43:1.Hand,foot and mouth disease cases were reported in every street of Yuelu District,children living in the street of Pingtang,Hanpu,Tianding,Yuelu were in the higher rate of infection.The incidence rate was low in the towns and villages of Lianhua Town,Yupingping Town and the old city of Juzhou street.From 2014 to 2018,323 cases of hand,foot and mouth disease were monitored in Yuelu District.The positive rate was 73%.The proportion of enterovirus 71(EV71),coxsackievirus A16(CA16)and other enteroviruses was 17%,32% and 51%,respectively.Conclusion:The study showed that the total number of HFMD cases in Yuelu District is increasing year by year.The incidence of HFMD was obviously seasonal in one year,mainly in April to July and September to November.Men are higher than women.The streets of Pingtang,Hanpu,Tianding,Yuelu should be treated as the focal point for the prevention and control of HFMD.