民国通俗教育馆的国民常识启蒙及其困境——以江苏省为中心的考察

The Common Sense Enlightenment and Its Dilemma in the Popular Education Museums of the Republic of China:Taking Jiangsu Province as the Center of the Investigation

民国初年,在政府推动下,通俗教育馆较早建立于江苏,成为国民常识启蒙的综合性社教机构。江苏教育行政当局将通俗教育馆设于文庙,欲借助文庙这一深具传统文化象征意义的文教场域,让民众一踏入通俗教育馆就受到启蒙教育。主办者通过馆内的博物展览使民众在参观展品的过程中体会直观的常识教育;馆内的讲演使民众在"耳闻馆之言"的情境中受到常识的启蒙。不过,通俗教育馆在运作过程中亦面临着经济竭蹶、人事制度不够健全、各方认识不足等方面的困境,影响了其国民常识启蒙的成效。

Under the government’s promotion,popular education museums were first established in Jiangsu Province in the early years of the Republic of China,as a comprehensive social education institution for the enlightenment of national common sense.The educational administrative authorities of Jiangsu province set up the popular education center in the Confucian Temples,hoping people to receive the enlightenment education as soon as they step into the popular education museums by means of Confucian Temples which are cultural and educational fields with deep symbolic significance of traditional culture. Through the exhibitions in the museums,people can experience the common sense education visually in the process of visiting. The lectures held in the popular education museums help people accept the common knowledge during the listening process. However,the popular education museums are also faced with the dilemma of economy,the unsound personnel system and insufficient understanding of the education museums,which affect the effectiveness in the common sense enlightenment.