社会生态系统视阈下的我国“旁观”角色现象论析

An Analysis of the Role of China’s "Bystander" from the Perspective of Social Ecosystem

近年来公共安全事件频繁发生,“旁观”越来越成为局外者共同的选择。通过梳理国内已有对旁观者的研究,发现不同旁观者行为的影响因子不同,这些可以从社会环境与个人行为互动的新视角解释。将不作为的旁观者行为的模式定义为“旁观”角色,通过生态系统理论的介入研究,发现其特征主要包括缄默性、普遍性、利益主导、多样趋势。“旁观”角色是社会生态的延伸,具有很强的社会性,如角色缺位现象、社会的信任危机和媒体暴力与责任推脱。针对“旁观”角色产生的失范现象,可以通过对个人和社会两个系统的完善推动德治建设,规范社会行为与道德约束,打造全民参与、共建共治共享的社会治理格局。

Public security incidents have occurred frequently in recent years, and "being bystanders" have increasingly become the common choice of outsiders. By combing the domestic research on the phenomenon of bystanders, it is found that the influence factors on different bystanders are different, which can be explained from the new perspective of social environment and personal behavior interaction. The model of the phenomenon of bystander behavior is defined as the "bystander" role. Through the intervention research of ecosystem theory, it is found that its characteristics mainly include silence, universality, interest-oriented and diverse trends. The "bystander" role is an extension of social ecology, with strong social characteristics, such as the absence of roles, social crisis of trust and media violence and responsibility. Aiming at the anomie phenomenon caused by the "bystander" role, we can promote the construction of the rule of virtue by perfecting the two systems of individuals and society, standardize social behavior and moral constraints, and create a social governance pattern of participation by all people, joint construction and common governance.