发展和挫折——1949—1976年中国特色文学理论建构历史经验研究综述

Development and Frustration:A Summary of Historical Experience on Construction of Literary Theory with Chinese Characteristics Since 1949 to 1976

从1949年新中国成立到1976年"文革"结束,这是中国特色文学理论建构的发展与挫折期,其整体格局是中国化的马克思主义文论话语成为权威文论话语,其历史经验表现为毛泽东文学思想逐步经典化和权威化;人民性、阶级性、大众化成为塑造权威文论话语体系的关键词;周扬在中国文学理论的自主性和实践性上表现出强烈的理论自觉;"被批判"或者"边缘化"文论的思想价值丰厚;中国化的文学理论教材和课程体系初步建构起来;文学理论建构方式上出现了多向创生的典范。对这一时期中国特色文学理论建构历史经验的研究遵循了不同路径,表现为整体化研究不断深化,毛泽东文学思想、周扬文学理论及其重要命题、胡风经典文本、关于"现实主义"重大论争等典型个案研究收获颇丰,教材和课程的中国经验研究日益精细,新方法新路径大量涌现和交叉使用,等等。

The period from the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976 is seem as development and frustration of construction of literary theory with Chinese characteristics. Its overall situation is that Sinicized Marxist discourse of the literary theory has become the authoritative one. It has historical experience including the gradual classical change and authoritarianism of Mao Zedong’s literary thoughts;People’s character,Class character and Popularization as the key words to shape the discourse system of authoritative literary theory;Zhou Yang’s strong theoretical consciousness of the autonomy and practicality of Chinese literary theory;rich ideological value of"criticized"literary theory or"marginalized"ones;initial construction on Sinicized system of textbook and curriculum of literary theory;creating paradigm of multi-direction creation in the way of constructing literary theory. The study on historical experience of construction of literary theory with Chinese characteristics in this period has followed different patterns including systematacial studies deepening ceaselessly;typical case studies reaping a bumper harvest such as Mao Zedong’s literary thoughts,Zhou Yang’s literary theory and its important propositions,Hu Feng’s classical text,the major debate on"Realism";the research of Chinese experience of textbook and curriculum of literary theory becoming more and more fine;emerging methods and paths crossused massively.