基于注意能力和注意义务视角下的犯罪过失相关问题探究

Research on Criminal Negligence Related Issues from the Perspective of Attention Ability and Duty of Care

犯罪过失是刑法规定的行为人在犯罪中的一种心理状态。在司法实践中存在着缺乏规范性标准所引起的一系列问题。犯罪过失作为一种心理现象,在判定的过程中,仅通过客观现象来分析是否构成过失犯罪具有一定的难度,因此必然要对“过失犯罪”的入罪标准进一步界定,明确“注意能力”“注意义务”等概念及标准。基于罪刑法定原则以及人权保护,我国刑法应当积极地对于上述概念进行阐释,完善我国关于犯罪过失的理论。

Criminal negligence is a kind of psychological state of the perpetrator in criminal law. There are a series of problems caused by the lack of normative standards in judicial practice. Criminal negligence as a psychological phenomenon, in the process of judgment, it is difficult to analyze whether it constitutes a negligent crime only through objective phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to further define the standard of "negligent crime" and define the concepts and standards of "attention ability" and "duty of care". Based on the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime and the protection of human rights, China's criminal law should actively explain the above concepts and perfect China's theory on criminal negligence.