平台型创新:概念、机理与挑战应对

Platform-based Innovation:Definition,Mechanism and Suggestions to Challenges

平台型创新不同于组织自主创新,是基于多边平台空间、规则及价值网络的多元主体协同创新,各相关主体的互动合作可导致交易成本降低并进而促进创新。平台型创新体系主要由平台生态圈、创新载体、客体、主体和规则构成,可为创新提供根基和抓手,实现创新的动态调整和创新权益的均衡,推动多边群体的相互吸引、权利和责任的相互依赖、价值和利益的相互促进。平台型创新强调网络价值而不仅仅是产品价值,需要各成员直接或支持完成各种补足品的创新,涉及技术创新、产品创新和服务创新。平台型创新以平台创价模式为实现机制,多元主体之间互动产生的网络效应,是各成员之间合作的黏合剂和创新催化剂。平台型创新在发展过程中会面临各种挑战,包括创建多边平台与创新生态系统的挑战、激发创新动力与维持利益平衡的挑战以及应对竞争威胁与防范失灵风险的挑战,而搭建创新生态系统、强化平台服务、合作治理防范平台风险,是平台型创新应对挑战的重要对策。

Platform-based innovation is different from organizational independent innovation;it is a collaborative activity of multi subjects based on the space,rules and value network of multi-sided platforms. Platform-based innovation system consists of platform ecosphere,object,subject,and rules,which can provide innovation with basis and breakthrough point to realize the dynamic adjustment and the balance of interests,and promote the inter- attraction of different groups of people and the interdependent of right and responsibility. Platform- based innovation strengthens network value,but not product value;it requires all the members to directly or indirectly complete the innovation,which concerns technological innovation,product innovation,and service innovation. Platform-based innovation takes platform-based value creation as the realization mechanism;the interaction among diversified subjects can produce network effect,which is the binder and innovative catalyzer of cooperation among members. Platform- based innovation will face different kinds of challenges;while building an innovative ecosystem, strengthening services,and cooperatively controlling related risks are the important countermeasures for those challenges.