能源革命背景下我国煤炭运输通道的发展趋势及对策

The Development Trend of China’s Coal Transportation in the Context of Energy Revolution and the Countermeasures

“富煤贫油少气”的能源禀赋和我国经济发展特点,决定了煤炭作为我国主要能源的地位一时难以改变,并导致我国形成“西煤东运”“北煤南运”的煤炭运输总体格局。随着能源革命的提出和供给侧结构性改革的实施,我国煤炭产业呈现出先进产能加快释放、产业集中度进一步提高、消费需求进一步满足、煤炭供需区域不平衡进一步加剧等新特点,使我国铁路、水路、公路等煤炭运输通道面临新的问题,铁路运力区域性和季节性紧张情况始终存在,铁路通道货源竞争日益激烈,铁路运输效率与国际水平存在差距,管理体制无法满足市场化需求;煤炭发运港口产能严重过剩,经营主体分散,港口不能协同发展;煤炭公路运输仍存在一定需求,但面临较大的环保约束。在今后一段时期内,晋陕蒙外运通道将成为我国煤炭运输的主力通道,蒙华铁路的建成将重构“北煤南运”运输格局,区域港口整合将重塑煤炭水路运输格局,点对点铁路直达运输格局将逐步形成,“汽运煤”限令将促使铁路运输需求增加。在此背景下,我国应构建安全高效的现代煤炭运输体系,推进煤炭铁路通道高质量发展和煤炭水路通道升级发展,保障“公转铁”政策落实到位,推动我国“九纵六横”煤炭物流通道网络建设,保障煤炭供应和运输安全。

China’s energy endowment of“rich in coal but poor in oil and gas”and characteristics of economic development, make coal become China’s basic source of energy in a period of time,and finally contribute to evolution of coal transportation map of“West to East”and“North to South”. Along with the idea of energy revolution and implementation of supply-side reform policy, China’s coal industry has demonstrated new features such as more advanced production, increasing industry concentration, better fulfilled demands, and exacerbated imbalance between supply and demand on coal. These new characteristics have in return promoted development of coal transportation channels to face new problems and show new development trends. In this context,China should proactively build safer and more efficient coal transportation system,promote high- quality development of coal railway passages and upgrading development of coal waterway passages,and guarantee implementation of reducing road transport policy. Finally,the objective of construction of China’s coal transportation network will be realized and the safety of coal supply and transportation will be ensured.