新时代国家职业教育改革试验区何去何从——基于12个已建试验区的反思与展望

The Development of National Vocational Education Reform Experimental Zones in a New Era——Reflections and Outlook Based on the 12 Experimental Zones Built

从2005年起,教育部先后与天津、河南、四川、三峡库区、广西、辽宁、山东潍坊、安徽皖江、黑龙江、浙江宁波、重庆、甘肃共建了12个国家职业教育改革试验区。各试验区聚焦自身改革发展存在的重点和难点问题,在力量上坚持了政府主导、目标上坚持了清晰可行、任务上坚持了具体明确、动力上坚持了制度突破、在落实上坚持了政策推进,从而促进了职业教育较大发展,主要表现为法规政策体系不断完善、经费投入力度不断加大、职业教育发展规模不断扩大、师资队伍水平不断提升、体制机制改革有所突破。但是,职业教育发展改革试验仍然存在一些问题,如观念有待进一步转变、站位有待进一步高远、特色有待进一步凸显、协同有待进一步加强、力度有待进一步推进。进入新时代,面对新矛盾、新问题、新目标,国家职业教育改革试验区建设应当更加突出改革试验的规律性、人本性、问题性、协调性、创新性。

Since 2005, the Ministry of Education has co-built 12 national vocational education reform experimental zones with respectively Tianjin, Henan, Sichuan, Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Guangxi, Liaoning, Weifang in Shandong, Wanjiang in Anhui, Heilongjiang, Ningbo in Zhejiang, Chongqing and Gansu. Focusing on solving its own major problems, each zone made great progress in vocational education, which is shown in the following aspects: continuous improvement in rules and policies, more and more funding, increasingly expanding scale, continuous improvement in faculty composition, breakthroughs in institutional mechanism reform. Contributed to their success were the following factors: government being the major force, clear and feasible targets, specific tasks, motivation by system reform, implementation with preferential policies. Meanwhile, some problems still remain, such as old conceptions to be changed, aims to be targeted still higher, characteristics to be further highlighted, cooperation to be enhanced and administrative efficiency to be further improved. In the new era, facing new problems and with new objectives, greater prominence should be given to the following aspects: regularity, humanism, questioning thinking, cooperation and creativity.