天地无私与为政公正——黄老之学的政治哲学解读

Impartiality of Heaven and Earth and Fairness of Governance——A Reading of Huang Lao School from the Perspective of Political Philosophy

像《老子》一样,黄老之学的政治思考也是以其“道论”为基础的。《老子》和黄老之学的“道论”都关涉“本根之道”和“天地之道”,而且两种“道”也都具有规范性和非规范性的双重意义。非规范性的“天地之道”是黄老之学政治思考的主要根据,与此相一致,黄老之学的政治思考关注最多的也是对“天地之道”的逆顺,以及政治生活中的祸福成败,而不是政治正当性的问题。规范性的“天地之道”是黄老之学政治哲学思考的“道论”基础,其理论核心就是“天地无私”,而其政治指向则是为政的公正和公平。为政的公正和公平通过“案法而治”和形式正义得到体现。

Similar to Lao Zi,the theoretical foundation of Political Thought of Huang Lao School is also the“Theory of Dao.”“Theories of Dao”in Lao Zi and Huang Lao School both involve“ontological Dao”and“Dao of heaven and earth.”Both theories of Dao have normative and non-normative meanings.The political thinking of Huang Lao School is based on Non-normative“Dao of heaven and earth,”correspondingly,the central concerns of political thinking of Huang Lao School are following or opposing“Dao of heaven and earth,”the fortune of success or failure in political life,but not political rightness.The normative“Dao of heaven and earth”is the foundation of the“Theory of Dao”in political philosophy{of Huang Lao School,the core of which is that heaven and earth are impartial to all things,and its political implication is fairness of governance.Fairness of governance consists in“government by law”and formal justice.