“是NP/VP不是”结构及其句末“不是”的来源

The Structure of "Is NP/VP or Not" and the Source of "Or Not" at the End of the Sentence

“是NP/VP不是”正反问句的语义具有倾向性。在此基础上,梳理了“是NP/VP不是”正反问句的历史发展及其在邯郸方言中的表现,并认为表确认的句末成分“不是”的来源是“是VP不是”正反问句。结合历时和共时角度,可以看出句末成分“不是”除了有表示确认的功能外,还有表责备、表祈使的功能,表确认的功能只是其在普通话基础上进一步演变的阶段反映。“是X不是”结构中谓词性宾语的出现,是表确认“不是”产生及其进一步语法化的主要诱因,在其语法化过程中,说话人主观性的加强发挥了重要作用。

The yes-or-no interrogative of“is NP/VP or not”has semantic preference.This paper traces the historical development of the yes-or-no interrogative of“is NP/VP or not”and its expression in Handan dialect,and holds that the source of the affirmative"or not"is the yes-or-no interrogative of“is VP or not”.From the diachronic and synchronic perspectives,it can be seen that the"or not"at the end of a sentence has not only the function of expressing confirmation,but also the function of expressing blame and imperative.The function of expressing confirmation is only a stage reflection of its further evolution on the basis of Putonghua.The emergence of predicate objects in the structure of"is X or not"is the main incentive to the emergence of the confirming"or not"and its further grammaticalization.In the process of grammaticalization,the speaker's subjectivity has played an important role.