秦巴山区多鳞铲颌鱼种质资源调查及保护对策研究

Investigation and protection of germplasm resources of Varicorhinus macrolepis in Qinba Mountain area

秦巴山区多鳞铲颌鱼主要分布在汉水水系的中上游高海拔水域,对秦巴山区多鳞铲颌鱼(Varicorhinus macrolepis)的生境、分布区、生物学特性、繁殖特性进行了调查。结果表明,安康地区各主要河流建有大量水利工程及拦河坝,已建小水电站86座(含2座已废弃),在建11座,规划待建42座,建有拦河坝及水库72座。多鳞铲颌鱼属冷水性、杂食性鱼类,性别比接近1∶1,分批产卵。紫阳、平利、镇坪、宁陕等县多鳞铲颌鱼分布较多。紫阳县任河干流及其支流中的麻柳河、盘厢河、朱溪河、绕溪河等水域内该种群属优势种群,镇坪县南江河、岚河支流正阳河也有分布,而白河县白石河、冷水河,旬阳县,汉滨区分布较少。人类破坏、生境破碎化、生境退化和污染、过度利用是多鳞铲颌鱼濒危的主要原因,可采取原地保护、迁地保护、宣传教育、加强渔政执法、加强研究等措施来保护和恢复种群数量,达到永续利用的目的。

V.macrolepis are mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of Hanjiang River Basin,this paper investigates the habitat,distribution range,biological characteristics and reproductive characteristics of V.macrolepis in Qinba Mountain Area.According to the survey,a large number of water conservancy projects and barrages have been built on major rivers in Ankang area,86 small hydropower stations have been built(including 2 abandoned ones),11 are under construction,and 42 are planned to be built,including 72 barrages and reservoirs.V.macrolepis is a cold water,omnivorous fish,the sex ratio is close to 1∶1,batch spawning.In Ziyang,Pingli,Zhenping,Ningshan and other counties,there are more distribution of V.macrolepis.The population of V.macrolepis in Renhe River and its tributaries in Ziyang county is dominant in Maju River,Panxiang River,Zhuxi River and Raoxi River,in Zhenping county Nanjiang River and Lanhe tributaries Zhengyang River,they are also distributed,while Baishi River and Lengshui river of Baihe county,Xunyang county and Hanbin county,they are less distributed.V.macrolepis endangered main reasons,human destruction,habitat fragmentation,habitat degradation and pollution,and excessive use.We can take steps to protect them,such as in situ protection,ex situ protection,publicity and education,strengthen fishery law enforcement,strengthen research.We hope these measures will protect and restore the population of V.macrolepis for sustainable use.