秦简《酒令》的文学史意义

The Significance of Drinker’s Wager Games on the Qin Bamboo Slips to Literary History

酒令是礼乐文化的产物。它对词令、散曲的形成和发展产生重要影响,在中国文学史上具有重要地位。一直以来,酒令研究多关注唐代。先秦资料十分有限。北大秦简公布了三首《酒令》和一枚令骰。其中,《酒令》语言通俗、生动诙谐,为考察早期酒令的文本形态提供了文献资料;木制令骰具有独特性,既有行令术语,又有祝酒之辞。秦简《酒令》属于“秦时杂赋”,作为秦代俗文学的珍贵文本,有助于考察“成相”的分类、赋体的来源、雅俗的互动等文学史课题;深化了对《汉书·艺文志》“诗赋类”的认识,具有重要的目录学意义。《酒令》与汉乐府、敦煌文学具有明显的承继关系,结合新出文献和古书记载,重新估价秦代文学在中国早期文体发展过程中的重要地位。

drinker's wager games are the products of the ritual culture. They have important influences on the generation and development of Ci-poems(词令), which have important positions in the history of Chinese literature. For a long time, the researches of drinker's wager games had paid more attention to the Tang Dynasty. There is a lack of information about the pre-Qin period. Three “drinder s wager games” and one crap were found on the Qin bamboo slips collected by Peking University. The language used in them is popular, vivid and humorous, which provides literature for exploring the examination of drinker's wager during the early stage. The wooden crap is unique with drinking orders and toast. Qin bamboo slips drinker's wager game belongs to Qin Dynasty Miscellaneous Fu (《秦时杂赋》),which are precious text of Qin literature, helping to investigate the literary topics such as the classification of “chengxiang(成相)”, the source of Fu(赋), and the interaction of elegant and vulgar. They deepen the understanding of poetry in th e Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi (《汉书·艺文志》), which have important bibliographic significance. Combined with new literature and ancient book records, drinker's wager games have clear inheritance relationship with Han Yuefu(汉乐府)and Dunhuang(敦煌) literature,re-evaluate the important position of Qin literature in the early development of Chinese style.