不同叶背补光模式对戈壁温室番茄叶片光合性能与固碳效应的影响

Effects of Different Supplemental Lightning Modes on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Fixation of Tomato Leaves in Gobi Greenhouse

针对南疆地区春季多沙尘、温室内光照不足的问题,以番茄NS3389作为试验材料,以LED为补光光源,研究当地时间6:00~22:00期间内较低光强(100μmol·m^-2·s^-1)持续补光(T1),揭帘之前与盖帘之后较高光强(200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)补光(T2),以及揭帘后室内光强低于150μmol·m^-2·s^-1时自动补光(100μmol·m^-2·s^-1,T3)的叶背补光效果。结果表明:补光可有效提高番茄叶片光合性能和自身光保护能力。T1处理的叶片净光合速率最高;补光处理通过缓解气孔限制因素,进而提升叶片光合作用。监测不同处理下功能叶片的固碳效应,结果表明,T1和T2处理的叶片光合产物用于果实干物质形成的部分在各叶片中占比均较高,且远离果穗的衰减幅度较小,固碳效果稳定性好。补光处理可以显著促进番茄植株生长、缩短开花时间、增加果实产量。经济效益分析显示,T1和T2处理具有较高的经济效益,可作为南疆设施番茄生产的有效补光模式推广应用。

Countering the issues of frequent dusty weather in spring and insufficient greenhouse indoor light in southern Xinjiang,this study took‘NS3389’tomato as test material and LEDs as supplemental lightning sources to study the effects of 3 treatments on leaf photosynthetic behavior during the period at 6:00 to 22:00 local time.Using lower light intensity of 100μmol·m^-2·s^-1 as T1;relatively higher 200μmol·m^-2·s^-1 both before opening the curtain and closing it as T2;and self-supplementary lightning with 100μmol·m^-2·s^-1 after uncovering the greenhouse when the indoor light intensity was lower than 150μmol·m^-2·s^-1 as T3.The results showed that supplementary lightning treatment could effectively improve the photosynthetic performance and self-protection ability of tomato leaves.T1 has the highest net photosynthetic rate(Pn),improving the leaf photosynthesis by alleviating the stomatal limitation factor.Monitoring the carbon sequestration effect of functional leaves under different treatments,the results showed that the photosynthetic products of T1 and T2 for forming dry matter in fruits accounted for higher proportion in each leaf,and the attenuation range away from the fruit was smaller,meaning a better carbon fixation effect.The supplementary lightning treatment could significantly promote tomato plant growth,shorten anthesis time,and enhance the fruit yield.Economic analysis showed that both T1 and T2 had higher economic benefit and could be used as an effective supplementary lightning model for facility tomato production in southern Xinjiang.