从马克思主义与儒学的会通看劳动和闲暇的关系

On the Relationship between Labor and Leisure from the Perspective of the Integration of Marxism and Confucianism

马克思主义的日常生活理论,主张人的劳动有塑造自我和创造历史的意义,而日常生活则是人民创造历史的现实基础。但马克思只肯认了日常生活的基础性意义,没有注意到家庭人伦具有人之为人的基源性,而儒家重视对人伦日常的超越意义。真正的家庭闲暇应是人保养劳作之余的能量和时间享受亲情生活,使自身的生命条理化、道德化。劳动与闲暇的关系是互为基础又互相发明,同体而异数。基于人伦亲情践履充实的日常闲暇而展开的社会化劳动,乃是实现人性自由解放的必然。综合儒学与马克思主义可以在对日常生活的不同理解,在劳动与闲暇的辩证关系上实现会通的可能。

Marxist theory of daily life advocates that labor has the significance of shaping oneself and creating history, while daily life is the realistic basis for people to create history. However, Marx only recognized the basic significance of daily life, and failed to notice that family ethics is the origin of human nature, while Confucianism attaches great importance to the transcendence of family ethics. Real family leisure should be the maintenance of life energy and time to enjoy the kinship life after work, so that their emotional activities are organized and moralized. The relationship between labor and leisure is based on each other, and they are coexist and constitute the whole of life, but each has its own degrees. Therefore, the socialization of labor based on human relations of kinship life and the fulfillment of daily leisure is the only way to realize the freedom and liberation of human nature. By integrating the different understandings of Confucianism and Marxism on daily life, we can see the dialectical relationship between labor and leisure.