移民搬迁社区居民社会资本的解体与重构——基于陕南J社区的调查

Disintegration and Reconstruction of Residents’ Social Capital in Resettlement Based on the investigation of the J Community in Southern Shaanxi Province

移民搬迁政策,意在让生活条件恶劣地区的村民能够生活在更好的地区,摆脱当下的贫困状态。但是在移民搬迁之后,进入新居住地的居民的生活则应当继续关注。帕特南社会资本的三个特征为信任、规范以及网络。从帕特南社会资本的三个特征出发,对J社区的信任、规范以及网络进行分析。并发现J社区存在社会信任解体,互惠规范缺乏,网络关系脆弱的问题。这些问题阻碍J社区的进一步发展。移民搬迁社区的未来发展关系着异地搬迁政策的实行,更关系着移民进入新的社区的未来生活。因此,J社区应当从建立志愿者队伍、建立新的公共空间以及发展社会支持系统出发,解决J社区目前存在的原有社会资本解体、新的社会资本积累不足的问题,以期寻求移民搬迁社区社会资本的重构。

The immigration relocation policy aims to enable villagers in poor living conditions to live in better areas and get rid of current poverty conditions. However, after the relocation, it is worthwhile paying continuous concern on the life of residents when settling in the new place. This paper starts from the three characteristics of Putnam’s social capital and analyzes the trust, norms, and networks of the J Community. It is found that there are problems about social trust disintegration, the lack of reciprocal norms, and weak network relationships in the J Community which hinder the further development. The future development of the resettlement relocation community is related to the implementation of the relocation policy in other places, and more importantly, the future life of immigrants settling in the new community. Therefore, this paper believes that the J Community should start from the establishment of volunteer teams, the establishment of a new public space, and the development of a social support system to address the existing social capital disintegration and the lack of new accumulation of social capital in the J Community in order to seek immigration, as well as the reconstruction of community social capital in relocation.