不同耕作方式对土壤酶活性、含水率和紫花苜蓿生长的影响

Impact of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Enzyme Activities and Water Content of Alfalfa

【目的】了解土壤环境、肥力变化,为改善土壤质量、提高作物产量提供一定的依据。【方法】以紫花苜蓿为试验材料,设置了4种不同的耕作方式,分别为平作不覆膜(TW)、平作覆膜(TM)、垄作不覆膜(RW)、垄作覆膜(RM),分析了4种耕作方式下土壤酶活性、含水率的变化情况及其对紫花苜蓿生长状况和产量的影响。【结果】与TW耕作方式相比,TM、RW、RM耕作方式均能显著提高土壤表层脲酶及碱性磷酸酶活性,并且对0~20 cm土壤酶活性影响最为明显。4种耕作方式对土壤表层0~10 cm范围内的含水率影响显著,与9月相比,7月4种耕作方式下的土壤含水率变化情况更大。4种耕作方式中垄作覆膜处理条件下紫花苜蓿平均株高最高,产量最大(7.42 kg/m^2)。【结论】4种耕作方式中,RM耕作方式下,土壤酶活性平均值最高,土壤肥力状况最好,而在深度为0~60 cm范围内,0~20 cm深度处土壤酶活性变化最为明显;与耕作方式相比,季节性因素对土壤含水率的影响更大;RM处理条件下紫花苜蓿生长的更好。

【Objective】The changes of soil enzyme activities and water content under different tillage methods were studied in order to understand the changes of soil environment, and to provide a basis for improving soil quality and crop yield.【Method】In this experiment, alfalfa was used as the test material. Four different cultivated treatments were applied which involved traditional tillage without film covering(TW), traditional tillage with film covering(TM), ridge tillage without film covering(RW) and ridge tillage with film covering(RM). The changes of soil enzyme activities, the water content and the effects on alfalfa growth were analyzed under the four different treatments.【Result】Compared with the treatment of TW, the urease and phosphatase activities under TM,RW and RM treatment increased significantly. The effect of soil enzyme activities in 0~20 cm soil depth and the soil water content in the 0~10 cm depth were significant. Compared with September, the soil water content in July changed greatly. The average plant height and the yield under the treatment of RM was the best, the maximum yield was 7.42 kg/m2.【Conclusion】Under the treatment of RM, the soil enzyme activities was the highest, the soil fertility and the growth of alfalfa were the best. The changes of the soil enzyme activities in the 0~20 cm soil depth were obvious. The seasonal factors had greater effects on soil water content than cultivated methods.