世界主要国家国际重要湿地信息公开及湿地名录建立

Current Status of Information Disclosure of Ramsar Sites in Major Countries and Wetland List Establishment

《湿地公约》首次提出了“国际重要湿地”名录概念,促使社会重视湿地价值,保护和合理利用湿地。自上世纪70年代以来,世界范围内已认定了2000多处“国际重要湿地”。梳理了《湿地公约》官网提供的国际重要湿地的基本信息、地理位置、湿地管理情况等资料,分析了世界主要国家国际重要湿地的信息公开现状。结果显示:(1)由于国情差异,各国国际重要湿地认定和信息更新情况不尽相同,中国、刚果、巴西和法国的认定工作稳步进行,加拿大、俄罗斯近10年内没有新增国际重要湿地。澳大利亚、中国和法国的国际重要湿地信息更新较及时;(2)最近认定或近期进行信息更新的大部分国际重要湿地提供了边界矢量图,但是边界矢量图求算面积与登记面积存在一定误差;(3)国际重要湿地命名方式多样,以湿地自然环境和公园、保护区名称命名居多。以上结果有助于了解各国国际重要湿地信息公开现状,为我国履约和建立湿地名录提供参考。

The Ramsar Sites defined by Wetland Convention is the first wetland list in the world. The list promotes the society to pay attention to the value of wetlands, to protect wetlands and to wisely use wetlands. More than 2000 Ramsar Sites has been designated since the 1970s. This study collected basic information ongeographic locations and management descriptions of the Ramsar Sites in major countries provided by the website of the WetlandConvention. The results showed that (1) Designating and information update of Ramsar Sites varied from country to country due to the different national conditions. The work of designating Ramsar Sites was doing well in China, Congo, Brazil and France. There were not new Ramsar Sites designated in Canada and Russia in the past decade. The basic information on Ramsar Sites updated timely in Australia, China and France.(2) Most of the Ramsar Sites designated or updated information recently provided boundary maps. However, there were some errors between the calculated areasbased on the boundaries and the areas of the registration.(3) Ramsar Sites were named in a variety of ways. Most Ramsar Sites were named after the natural environment and nature reserves. The results help to understand the current state of Ramsar Sites, and provide suggestions for China’s compliance and wetland list establishment.