城市化影响下红树林的生态问题与保护对策:以深圳福田为例

Ecological Problems and Conservation Strategies for Mangrove Forest Under Impacts of Urbanization: A Case Study of Futian, Shenzhen

20世纪80年代以来,由于快速城市化的影响,城市化区红树林的多种生态环境问题亟待解决。评述了目前福田红树林所面临的水环境污染、基围鱼塘功能退化、鸟类监测与保护、红树林病虫害、生物入侵等生态问题。结合国内外相关经验与模式,提出了快速城市化区红树林的保护对策:(1)严控污水排放,引入红外热成像等遥感技术高效识别水体污染源;(2)持续完善滩涂-红树林-基围鱼塘的布局模式,维持生态系统稳定;(3)构建红树林鸟类远程实时监测与识别系统,促进智能识别技术在生态保护领域的应用;(4)建立高效预警体系,加强虫害生物防治技术研发,重视昆虫性信息素等方面的研发应用;(5)谨慎对待引种植物,防治外来生物入侵。

Since the 1980s, due to the impact of rapid urbanization, various of ecological and environmental problems in mangrove forests in urbanized areas need to be resolved. This paper presents an evaluation of current ecological issues such as water pollution, degradation of fish farming ponds, bird monitoring and protection, mangrove pests and diseases, biological invasion, etc., at the same time, combined with relevant domestic and foreign experiences and models,we proposed protection strategies of mangroves in rapid urbanization areas:(1) Strictly control sewage and use remote sensing technology such as infrared thermal imaging to efficiently identify water pollution sources.(2) Continuously improve the deployment of tidal flats-mangroves-based fish farming pond.(3) Construct a real-time remote monitoring and identification system for mangrove birds to promote the application of intelligent identification technologies inecological protection.(4) Establish an effective warning system, expand the research and development of pest biological control technology, and attach importance to the research and development of insect sex pheromones.(5) Carefully treat the introduced plants and prevent biological invasion.