骨质疏松症诊断和治疗进展

Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis

骨质疏松症能够降低骨密度,导致骨结构异常、骨骼的脆性增加和骨折的发生率增加,故评估骨质疏松症的发病因素就显得尤为重要。评估骨质疏松症发病的风险可以确定骨折的发病因素,为决策患者是否需要接受治疗提供依据。目前双能X线骨密度检测是诊断骨质疏松症的金标准。随着对骨质疏松症研究的不断深入,骨质疏松症的相关治疗药物已从早期仅针对补充骨矿物质的基础用药进展为目前通过刺激骨形成,抑制破骨细胞分化,减少骨吸收来改善骨微结构,以期更好地增强骨密度,降低骨折风险。

Osteoporosis leads to decreased bone density,abnormal bone structure,increased bone fragility and incidence of fractures,so it is particularly important to evaluate the risk factors of osteoporosis. Assessing the risk of osteoporosis can determine the risk factors for fractures and provide evidence to decide whether the patients need treatment. Dual-energy X-ray bone mineral density is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. With the continuously deepening study on osteoporosis,the treatment of osteoporosis has progressed from the early basic treatment of bone mineral supplement to the current treatment of stimulating bone formation,inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and reduction of bone resorption to improve bone microstructures,so as to enhance bone density and reduce the fracture risk.