美国阅读服务专业人才培养的经验与启示

The Experience and Enlightenment of Talent Training on Reading Service in the United States

[目的/意义]全面考察和总结美国阅读人才培养的先进经验,可以为我国阅读服务专业教育发展提供参考。[研究设计/方法]以20所美国图书情报学院为调查对象,从培养项目、课程设置、师资力量三个方面开展深入调查与分析。[结论/发现]美国阅读服务专业人才培养呈现出三个显著特点,即依据能力标准指导人才培养、人才培养以专业方向为导向、课程设置具有系统性。借鉴美国的经验,结合我国人才培养现状,对我国阅读服务专业人才培养提出四个方面的建议:①制定科学可行的阅读服务人才能力标准;②在图书馆学硕士下设置阅读服务研究方向;③构建完备的人才培养课程体系;④建设专业背景多样化的专门师资队伍。[创新/价值]从阅读服务专业人才培养的角度全面考察美国图书情报学教育经验,结合我国实际提出建议,为解决我国阅读服务专业人才短缺的问题提供可持续发展的思路。

[Purpose/Significance]Comprehensive investigation and summary of the advanced experience for talent training on reading service in the United States could provide reference for the professional education in this area in China.[Design/Methodology]After a preliminary investigation,schools of library and information science from 20 universities in the United States were chosen as samples,and in-depth investigation was conducted for their programs,courses and faculties.[Findings/Conclusion]Three representative characteristics were found for talent training on reading service in the United States:(1)talent training program guidance is made according to ability standards;(2)talent training is oriented to professional direction;(3)the curriculum is designed systematically.Then four suggestions were proposed based on the advanced experience of the United Sates and the actual situation of professional education in China.First of all,it is necessary to establish scientific and feasible standards for librarians' ability on reading service;secondly,reading service should be made as a research direction for the professional master program in library;thirdly,a comprehensive curriculum system should be built for talent training on reading service;finally,faculty with multidisciplinary backgrounds are essential.[Originality/Value]A thorough research has been conducted on library and information science education in the U.S.from the perspective of talent training on reading service,and suggestions have been put forward according to the realities in China.A sustainable developing approach has been found to relieve the shortage of reading service professionals.