基于安全街区理论的历史古镇防火设计研究

A Study on Fire Protection Design of Historic Town Based on the Safety Block Theory

历史古镇的火灾安全保障是一项系统的复杂工程。单一维度的消防规划或设计改造无法实现从整体到局部的层级把控,规划视角的消防策略缺乏有效的实施操作层面,建筑视角的消防改造并不能满足对古镇整体消防安全的把控。文章借鉴历史古镇传统消防意识及防火经验,分析历史古镇防火设计研究的必要性与现实的不足,基于“安全街区”的理论,探讨以“安全街区”为导向的消防规划和设计策略,在中观层面针对消防规划与防火设计改造,建立层层递进的消防安全控制导则,使其能够在安全街区的操作层面得以优化改进和落实。

Fire safety guarantee of historic towns is a systematic complex project. The single-dimension perspective of fire planning or fire protection design and renovation cannot provide control from the overall level to the local one. The fire protection strategies from planning perspective lacks an effective implementation level, and the fire renovation from the building perspective cannot provide control of historic town fire safety from the overall level. This paper draws lessons from traditional fire awareness and fire prevention experience of historic towns, analyzes the necessity and inadequacies of the research on fire protection design in historical towns. Based on the theory of “Safety Block”, it explores fire planning and design strategies oriented to “Safety Block”, and establishes progressive fire safety design control guidelines for fire planning and fire protection design renovation of historic towns from the meso-level perspective, in order that the strategies can be further optimized, improved and implemented in the operational level of safety block.