尿素配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂对春季和秋季马铃薯产量及土壤矿质氮的影响

Effects of Urea Combined with Nitrification/Urease Inhibitors on Potato Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen in Spring and Autumn

采用盆栽试验,在施入总氮一致条件下,硝化/脲酶抑制剂与不同施肥方式配施对春、秋季马铃薯生长及土壤矿质氮的影响,为制定科学的马铃薯农田氮素管理措施及节肥增效策略提供依据。结果表明,(1)追施氮肥及配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂能显著降低土壤脲酶活性、土壤表观硝化率和提高马铃薯生育中后期土壤铵态氮和硝态氮质量分数,其中在一次追肥处理下,DCD及NBPT处理的春、秋季马铃薯块茎形成期土壤铵态氮质量分数比对照分别提高124.3%、198.1%和31.0%、260.0%;硝态氮质量分数分别提高18.4%、31.6%和33.9%、31.6%。(2)追施氮肥及配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂能提高春、秋季马铃薯生育后期干物质量及产量,但春马铃薯增产效果大于秋马铃薯,一次追肥处理增产效果最好。其中与CK相比,一次追肥与DCD和NBPT配施处理的春马铃薯产量显著提高53.3%和112.0%,秋马铃薯未达到显著差异。因此,一次追肥配施氮肥效率最高,且春马铃薯应配施脲酶抑制剂NBPT,秋马铃薯应配施硝化抑制剂DCD。

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrification / urease inhibitors combined with different fertilization methods on potato growth and soil mineral nitrogen in spring and autumn under the same total nitrogen application conditions,which provided a basis for formulating scientific nitrogen management measures and fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing strategies in potato farmland. The results showed that(1) topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of nitrification /urease inhibitors could significantly reduce soil urease activity,apparent nitrification rate and increase soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen mass fraction in the middle and late growth stages of potato. Under one topdressing treatment,soil ammonium nitrogen mass fraction in spring and autumn potato tuber formation stages of DCD and NBPT treatment increased 124.3%,198.1% and control respectively. 31.0% and 260.0% respectively,and the mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen increased by 18.4%,31.6%,33.9% and 31.6% respectively.(2) Topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer and nitrification /urease inhibitor could improve the dry matter quality and yield of potatoes in spring and autumn,but the yield increase of spring potatoes was greater than that of autumn potatoes,and the effect of one topdressing treatment was the best. Compared with CK,the yield of spring potato increased significantly by 53.3% and 112.0% with the combination of DCD and NBPT,but there was no significant difference between autumn potato and single topdressing. Therefore,the efficiency of single topdressing combined with nitrogen fertilizer was the highest,and urease inhibitor NBPT should be applied to spring potatoes,and nitrification inhibitor DCD should be applied to autumn potatoes.