孤独症谱系障碍患儿家庭功能特征及其影响因素的研究

Characteristics and effect factors of family function about autism spectrum disorder children

目的探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿家庭功能特征及其影响因素,为患儿的后期康复提供社会支持。方法采用家庭功能评定量表(family assessment device,FAD)、父母压力指数量表(parenting stress index,PSI)对ASD患儿父母进行评定。结果①不同性别、不同年龄段患儿家庭功能各因子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②较高收入的家庭在问题解决、角色、行为控制、总体功能方面明显优于较低收入组(P<0.01),情感反应方面要好于较低收入组(P=0.012);③家庭功能的多个因子与父母受教育年限、家庭收入以及父亲陪伴孩子时间呈负相关,与压力总分、生活事件呈正相关,家庭功能主要受母亲受教育年限、父母压力指数量表中的压力总分的影响。结论ASD患儿的家庭在家庭功能方面存在缺陷,较高收入组的患儿家庭功能相对较好;家庭功能受母亲受教育年限以及家庭的总体压力的影响,承受的压力越大,家庭功能越差。

Objective To explore the characteristics of family function about the autism spectrum disorder(ASD)children.Methods Parents of ASD children completed the general demographic questionnaire,family assessment device(FAD),and parenting stress index(PSI).Results①The differences of all the subscales of FAD scores were not statistically significant(P>0.05)among parents of male and female ASD children,and preschool and school-age ASD children.②The family functions of problem solving,roles,behavior control,and general functioning in the higher income group were significantly better than those in the lower income group(P<0.01);and affective responsiveness in the higher income group was significantly better than that in the lower income group(P=0.012).③The family function was negatively correlated with parental years of education,household income,and the time of father accompany for children,but positively correlated with total stress score and life events.The family function was mainly affected by mother s years of education and total stress score.Conclusion There are defects of the family function in the upbringing of children with ASD,the family function in the higher income group is better than that in the lower income group,and the family function is effected by family income.The bigger the parents pressure is,the worse the family function will be.