日本农地规模化的制度、效果与启示

The Effect and Enlightenment of Japan’s Large-Scale Agricultural Land Management System

日本的农地规模化制度主要包括放松土地占有限制、解除农地租赁限制、允许公司法人进入农业、实行土地流转激励政策、培养安定高效的农业经营体等。这些制度产生了一些积极的效果,如户均土地面积增加、农户家庭收入增加、土地流转机制良好、规模化经营体增加等。但也有不达预期之处,如设定的农户经营土地规模没有达到、农户兼业化严重、农民老龄化突出等。鉴于此,我国应借鉴日本农地规模化经验,采取促进农地流转、健全农地流转机制、培育新型农业经营主体等措施。

Japan's large-scale agricultural land management system mainly includes: relaxing restrictions on land occupation,lifting restrictions on land leasing,implementing the land transfer incentive policies,and cultivating stable and efficient agricultural managers. Its effects are positive,such as increasing average land area peasant household,increasing peasant household income,improving land transfer mechanism,and increasing agricultural managers and so on. However,some of them are not up to expectations. For example,the set scale of agricultural land managed by farmers has not been reached, farmers' concurrent employment and farmers' aging problem are serious. China should learn from Japan's experience and implement measures to improve the land transfer mechanism and cultivate new-type agricultural managers.