清末民初中国大学本科教育创始标准问题研究——以西安交通大学为例

A Study on Founding Standard of Undergraduate Education in China at the End of Qing Dynasty: Take Xi'an Jiaotong University as an Example

中国近现代高等教育的诞生是师法欧、美、日的结果。评判清末民初高等学堂建设方面的问题要克服实质上与形式上的形而上学主义,坚持历史与逻辑相统一的历史主义标准,即应立足本国历史,综合国内高等教育规章条例的实际内容及同期国外高等教育的一般情况。商部上海高等实业学堂(交大曾用名)是清末高等教育的主要构成部分,是清末民初分科大学的雏形。交大早期设置的铁路专科是分科大学的重要形式,符合大学本科的形式与实质规定,当为交大本科创办的真正肇始。

China modem higher education came into being by learning from Europe, America and Japan. To judge higher education building, it is necessary to overcome metaphysics in essence and form and adhere to historicism standard with unity of history and logic, which is based on national history, synthesize real content of domestic higher education rules and general condition of foreign higher education. Shanghai Higher Education School of Commercial Department ( Name once used by Xi'an Jiaotong University) is a major part of higher education at end of Qing dynasty, the embryo of Branch University at end of Qing dynasty. The railway specialty set up in Xi'an Jiaotong University early, as an important form of Branch University, in accordance with form and essence requirements of undergraduate education, is the real beginning of Xi'an Jiaotong University's undergraduate education.