中国社会保障70年发展（1949—2019）：回顾与展望

Seventy Years of Social Security Development in China(1949—2019):Retrospect and Prospect

中国现代社会保障制度是伴随1949年中华人民共和国成立而建立并逐渐发展起来的。70年来,社会保障从计划经济时期城镇居民的“专利”发展成为现在的全民福利,秉持的是中国共产党的执政理念和社会主义的本质要求,但具体制度安排及实践方式却在两个发展阶段有明显差异,前30年与计划经济体制相适应,近40年追求与市场经济体制相适应,折射的是中国经济社会变革与民生发展进步。新时代国家发展目标全面升级,社会保障改革与发展的任务即是全面建成中国特色的社会保障体系。

China's modern social security system was established along with the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 and has developed ever since .Over the past seventy years, social security has evolved from the exclusive privileges of urban residents in the planned economy era into universal welfare benefits nowadays, adhering to the governing philosophy of the Communist Party of China and the essential requirements of socialism? The specific institutional ar rangements and implementation o the social security system have been significantly different be tween the two stages of its development: in the first thirty years, they were compatible with the planned economy system, while in the recent forty years, they have been in line with the pursuit of adapting to the market economy system, reflecting China s socioeconomic changes as well as the improvement of people's livelihoods. In the new era, the development goals for China have been comprehensively upgraded, and the task of reforming and developing social security is to build a so cial security system with Chinese characteristics in all respects?