《红楼梦》佳人形象的文学基因探究

The Investigation on Literary Gene of Beauty Figures in A Dream of Red Mansions

作为中国古代文学的集大成之作,《红楼梦》对于女性形象的塑造在创新中亦不乏继承,这一点在林黛玉、薛宝钗形象的塑造上体现得尤为突出。因而,无论是汉唐以降诗文中淑女的形貌,还是元明清戏剧中多情旦角的至情,抑或是清初才子佳人小说中才女的文采,红楼佳人身上都带有显性的前代文学的基因特征。在形貌上,古代四大美女中杨贵妃、西施的意态给钗黛形象的塑造以启示;在情韵上,《西厢记》和《牡丹亭》等戏曲中的佳人与佳句为《红楼梦》增添了抒情效果;在文才上,红楼佳人形象对才子佳人小说中的才女内涵有所沿革,吸纳了佳人的诗文才气,摒弃了借美人所寓托的男权理想,凸现了女儿的独立审美价值。红楼女子身上的貌、情、才,兼容了历代文学作品中女性美的基因特征,林黛玉和薛宝钗,已由小说中的人物形象,升华为红楼佳人的文学意象。

As a masterpiece of ancient Chinese literature,A Dream of Red Mansions not only inherits past literature,but also innovates in the creation of female figures,which is particularly prominent about Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai.Therefore,whether it is the appearance of a lady in poems and essays of Han and Tang dynasties,the amorous actress in dramas of Yuan and Ming dynasties,or the literary talents and beauties in genius and beauty novels of the early Qing dynasty,the beauties in A Dream of Red Mansions have the dominant genetic characteristics of the previous literature.In terms of body and appearance,Yang Guifei and Xi Shi,among the four ancient beauties,give great impact on the shaping of Baochai and Daiyu.In terms of romantic charm,beautiful women and beautiful sentences in dramas,such as The Romance of The Western Chamber and The Peony Pavilion,add lyric effect to ADreamofRedMansions.In terms of literary ability,the image of beauties,in A Dream of Red Mansions,reflect the connotation of beauties in the genius and beauty novels,absorbing beauty's poetic talent,abandon the ideal of male power,which highlights the independent aesthetic value of the female.The beauty,affection and talent of girls in this novel are compatible with the genetic characteristics of female beauty in literature works of all dynasties.Daiyu and Baochai have been sublimated from the characters in the novel to the literary images of red mansions.