青岛市农村环境整治模式及实施效果研究

Study on Management Model and Implementation Effect of Rural Environment in Qingdao

我国农村环境整治包括农村生活污水、生活垃圾、畜禽养殖废弃物收集处理及历史遗留矿坑污染治理等4个方面探索多途径整治集成模式,并评估青岛市农村环境整治项目典型案例采用模式的实施效果。结果表明,污水收集处理选用雨污合流收集+污水分散处理模式后,大幅度降低了COD、SS、NH+4-N浓度。生活垃圾采用收集-镇转运-市处理模式,有效减少了大气污染和渗滤液污染,并降低收集和处理成本。尾菜产生量80m3/d的村庄,采用压榨-废水处理-渣还田的模式,尾菜直排可减少90%。养殖密集区选用调节池-厌氧反应器-还田循环模式,实现了污染物的“零排放”。此外,矿坑酸性废水采用中和-混凝循环治理模式,处理后水质达标,有效降低环境污染风险。通过项目实施和效果评价得出,选择合适的处理工艺、处理规模、运行保障措施到位是农村环境保护基础设施稳定运行的关键。

Rural environment improvement included collection and disposal of sewage,solid waste,livestock manure,and pollution control of pit left by history.In this study,management models are explored from the aboving four aspects.The implementation effect is evaluated taking Qingdao as a case.The results show that the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD),suspended solid(SS)and ammonia nitrogen in sewage are reduced through choosing collection rain and sewage at the same time with a distributed wastewater treatment.