硫酸盐还原菌治理酸性矿山废水研究进展

Advances in Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

利用微生物方法处理酸性废水具有良好的发展潜力。文章介绍了物理化学及生物技术处理酸性矿山废水的研究进展,重点对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的应用进行综述,总结了SRB改善水体pH、去除重金属的原理,提出了SRB处理酸性矿山废水的优势,并结合处理效果阐释其应用工艺包括厌氧反应器、固定化微生物技术及强化技术三部分。最后针对SRB的研究及应用进行展望,提出筛选兼性厌氧菌、提高细菌耐酸性和抗毒性、改良固定化技术、硫还原法的应用是今后重要的研究方向。

The treatment of acid mine drainage(AMD)is an important work in mine environmental management.The microbial methods have good development potential in AMD treatment.The application of physical-chemical technology and biotechnology in the treatment of AMD was reviewed,and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) as key was introduced.The principle of improvement water pH and removal heavy metals in water by SBR had been summarized,and according to the treatment effect the treatment process include anaerobic reactor,immobilized sludge method and strengthening technology.Finally,the research and application of SRB were prospected.It was an important research direction to screen facultative anaerobe,improve acid tolerance and toxic resistance of microbe,apply sulfur-reduction method and improve the immobilization technology.