同声传译译员能力要素与层级调查研究

An investigation of layers of components and subcompetences of professional simultaneous interpreter competence

同声传译译员能力构成的实证研究匮乏。本研究通过文献梳理、专家咨询及对243名职业译员的问卷调查,明确了构成同声传译译员能力的5大类、36项要素,并对要素进行重要性分级。语言大类最为重要,其次是知识、技能和职业素养,特质及元认知位列最后;外语听力等13项要素为“核心”要素,百科知识等19项要素为“重要”要素,公众演讲能力等4项要素为“一般”要素,每个层次分3个级别,36项要素分9个层级。确定译员能力要素及层级,既有助于优化同声传译人才培养过程,包括入学选拔、教学设计、教学实施与质量监控等,也可为同声传译职业认证体系的设计提供参考。

Little empirical research has been done on what simultaneous interpreter competence consists of.This study,based upon literature review,expert consultation and a survey of 243 professional interpreters,describes and rates 5 components and 36 subcompetences of simultaneous interpreter competence.Linguistic knowledge is rated as the most important,followed by extra-linguistic knowledge,skills and professionalism,with traits and metacognitive abilities rated as the least important;listening comprehension in foreign language(s)and other 12 subcompetences are rated as core subcompetences,encyclopedic knowledge and other 18 subcompetences are rated as key subcompetences and public speaking and other 3 subcompetences are rated as important subcompetences.With every layer further divided into 3 levels of importance,36 subcompetences fall into altogether 9 levels.Findings could either optimize simultaneous interpreter education including admission,teaching design and organization,quality control,or shed some light on the design of certification system of professional simultaneous interpreters.