小于胎龄儿的健康风险与管理

Health risk and management for small for gestational age infants

小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age, SGA)是新生儿中一个特殊的群体,是指出生体重低于同胎龄、同性别出生体重第10百分位或较平均出生体重低2个标准差的婴儿,目前采用2013年Fenton曲线进行判断及诊断。SGA的发生与多种病因相关,并且会影响其生命早期及远期健康。本文主要就SGA对婴儿生后早期健康、体格生长与神经系统发育及代谢性疾病的影响及相应对策进行综述。

Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are special populations, whose birth weights are less than the 10th percentile or two standard deviations below the mean for gestational age based on the Fenton growth chart in 2013. SGA is caused by various reasons and affects the short- and long-term health of infants. This review focused on the early health, physical and neurological development and incidence of metabolic diseases of SGA infants.