我国农村居民生活质量的空间格局及影响因素——基于ESDA—GWR模型的分析

The spatial pattern and influencing factors of the quality of life of China’s rural residents base on the ESDA-GWR model analysis

提高人民的生活质量是社会发展的最终目标与最高原则。基于省(市、自治区)级截面数据,运用主成分分析、探索性空间数据和地理加权回归模型等方法,分析我国农村居民生活质量水平,探讨农村居民生活质量的空间格局及影响因素。结果表明,我国农村居民生活质量综合得分为0.348,总体水平不高。从省际来看,浙江农民生活质量综合得分最高(4.125),黑龙江最低(-1.209),省际之间不平衡性特征明显。从四大区域来看,农民生活质量等级由高到低为东部地区(1.589)>西部地区(-0.067)>中部地区(-0.211)>东北地区(-1.013);我国农民生活质量局部空间格局为高—高、低—高和低—低集聚三种类型。其中高高(HH)型分布在上海,低低(LL)型分布在黑龙江、内蒙古、吉林、辽宁等地区,低高(LH)型分布在江苏省;农民人均纯收入、城镇化率、教育支出、社会保障和就业支出对我国农村居民生活质量具有正向促进作用,但回归系数呈现空间异质性。因此,提出四个方面的对策措施:一是坚持统筹区域社会经济协调的发展理念;二是各地区应大力实施乡村振兴战略,因地制宜地发展农村经济;三是继续推进以人为核心的新型城镇化,发挥工业化和城市化对农业的反哺作用;四是坚持就业优先战略和积极就业政策,实现更高质量和更充分就业。

Improving rural residents’ quality of life is the ultimate goal and the highest priority of social development. Based on the sectional data of provinces, municipality directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions, this paper analyzed the level of the quality of life of rural residents by the methods of the principal component analysis and the geographical weighted regression model and discussed the spatial pattern and influencing factors of the quality of life of rural residents in China. Results show that the overall quality of life score of rural residents was 0.348, which was not very high. From the provincial perspective, the comprehensive quality of life of farmers in Zhejiang was the highest (4.125), and the lowest was for Heilongjiang (-1.209), showing obvious provincial differences. In terms of the four major regions, the quality of life of farmers ranges from high to low in the following order: the eastern region (1.589), the western region (-0.067), the central region (-0.211), and the northeast region (-1.013). The local spatial pattern of the quality of life of farmers in China has three types: high-high(HH), low-high (LH), and low-low (LL) agglomerations. Among them, the HH type is distributed in Shanghai, the LL type is distributed in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning and other regions, and the LH type is distributed in Jiangsu Province. This paper also finds that the per capita net income of farmers, the urbanization rate, education expenditure, and social security and employment expenditure have positive influences on the quality of life of rural residents in China with spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, this paper provides the following suggests: 1)to maintain the overall planning of regional social and economic coordination of the development concept;2) to implement the rural revitalization strategyaccording to the local conditions;3)to continue promoting a new type of people-centered urbanization and giving full play to the role of industrialization and urbanization in supporting agriculture;and 4)to prioritize the employment and a proactive employment policy to achieve higher quality and full employment.