中国东北地区旅游业效率时空格局演变及驱动因素

Spatio-temporal Pattern Evolution and Driving Factors of Tourism Efficiency in Northeast China

基于地级单元尺度,综合应用DEA、ESDA、空间变差函数、空间计量模型分析2003—2017年中国东北地区旅游业效率时空格局演变特征及驱动因素。结果表明:2003年以来,东北地区及其内部各区域旅游业效率差异显著,呈明显的下降趋势。不同地级单元呈现出相似值集聚的空间正相关性,两极分化现象明显,高值区分布在辽宁中部城市群、辽宁沿海经济带以及长(春)吉(林)、哈(尔滨)大(庆)齐(齐哈尔)等地,低值区广泛分布于高值区外围,形成了较为稳定的“核心-边缘”结构,但在随机性和结构性因素的共同作用下,东北地区旅游业效率空间变异不断扩大,南北方向变异最大,东西方向较为均衡。经济发展水平、旅游资源禀赋、旅游服务设施、交通条件、产业结构等因素在东北地区旅游业效率空间格局演变过程中发挥着不同的作用。

Based on the scale of the prefecture-level unit, the DEA, ESDA, spatial variogram and spatial econometric model were used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of tourism efficiency in Northeast China from 2003 to 2017. Since 2003, the tourism efficiency in Northeast China and its internal provinces has been significantly different, showing a significant downward trend. Different prefecture-level units showed spatial positive correlations of similar value aggregation, and the polarization phenomenon was obvious. The high-value areas were distributed in the central Liaoning urban agglomeration, the Liaoning coastal economic belt, Changchun and Jilin, and Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihaer Industrial Corridor. The low-value areas were widely distributed around the high-value areas, forming a relatively stable "core-edge" structure. However, under the combined effect of randomness and structural factors, the spatial variability of tourism efficiency in Northeast China has been expanding, with the largest variation in the south-north direction and a more balanced east-west direction. The level of economic development, tourism resource endowments, traffic conditions, tourist reception facilities, industrial structure and other factors played different roles in promoting the evolution of the spatial pattern of tourism efficiency in Northeast China.