云贵地区饲用灌木营养价值及生物活性物质

Advances in nutritional value and bioactive substances in forage shrubs in the Yungui area

中文饲用灌木具高蛋白、低纤维、高矿质及适口性好等特点,是畜禽主要植物蛋白饲料,在草地畜牧业中发挥重要作用。本文总结了云贵地区常见饲用灌木的种类、营养价值及几种饲用灌木的生物活性物质和药用价值,评述了该区域营养价值及生物活性物质含量高且已有系统研究的饲用灌木。分析得知,该区域粗蛋白含量大于20%,属优良蛋白饲料的豆科灌木有槐兰属(Indigofera)、合欢属(Albizia)、苦参属(Sophora)和紫穗槐属(Amorpha)及桑科构属(Broussonetia)小构树(Broussonetia kazinoki);粗蛋白与粗纤维比小于1,适口性较好的灌木为桑科蒙桑(Morus mongolica)、鸡桑(M.australis)等;属优良矿质饲料的灌木有豆科山蚂蝗属(Desmodium)、羊蹄甲属(Bauhinia)和槐兰属,蔷薇科悬钩子属(Rubus)和栒子属(Cotoneaster)及桑科桑属(Morus);属优良氨基酸饲料的灌木有豆科槐属(Sophora);富含黄酮类、鞣质类等生物活性物质及抗菌、抗氧化等药用价值的灌木有马钱科醉鱼草属(Buddleja),蔷薇科悬钩子属、蔷薇属(Rosa)和火棘属(Pyracantha)及藤黄科金丝桃属(Hypericum)。由此,提出饲用灌木未来深入研究的主要方向是,降低饲用灌木体内抗营养因子效应,加强野生饲用灌木引种驯化,研制灌木饲料的科学生产技术,明晰主要科属灌木的生物活性成分及药理作用,为云贵地区饲用灌木资源的合理利用提供实践指导。

The forage shrub is a major plant protein food for livestock and poultry with high protein, low fiber, high minerals, and good palatability, and plays an important role in grassland animal husbandry. We summarized the common forage shrub species and their nutritional value and bioactive substances in the Yunnan-guizhou region, as well as the medicinal value of several kinds of forage shrubs. Meanwhile, we also reviewed the high nutritional value and systematic forage shrubs. The results indicated that the crude protein contents of shrubs of Indigofera, Albizzia, Sophora, and Amorpha of Leguminosae, and the Broussonetia of Moraceae in this region is >20%, which belong to high-protein fodder;the crude protein:crude fibre of Morus mongolica and M. australis is <1, and their palatability is better;the shrubs of Desmodiumthe, Bauhinia, and Indigofera of Leguminosae, Rubus and Cotoneaster of Rosaceae, and Morus of Moraceae are high-quality mineral fodder;the shrubs of Leguminosae ’s Sophor are high amino acid fodder;the shrubs of Buddleia and Brucaceae of Loganiaceae, Rubus, Rosa, and Pyracantha of Rosaceae, and Gutiferae’s Hypericum are rich in flavonoids, tannins, and other bioactive substances, which have antibacterial, antioxidant, and other medicinal values. Based on the above, the main research areas for herbage shrubs in the future are as follows: to decrease the effect of antinutritional factors in forage shrubs, to strengthen the domesticated wild forage shrubs, to develop scientific fodder production technology, and to clear the main genera’s bioactive components and pharmacological values, which will provide some practical guidelines for the reasonable development and utilization of forage shrubs and animal husbandry development in the Yunnan-guizhou region.