花生秧、全株玉米不同混合比例及添加剂对青贮发酵品质和营养价值的影响

Mixed ratios and additives affect the quality of peanut vines and whole-plant corn in mixed silages

为探讨不同混合比例和添加剂对花生秧(Arachis hypogaea)、全株玉米(Zeamays)混合青贮品质和营养价值的影响,本研究采用两因素试验设计,设对照组、添加乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)组及添加复合添加剂组,分别制作花生秧、全株玉米比例为0︰1、1︰3、1︰1、3︰1、1︰0的混合青贮,每组3个重复,60d后取样分析。结果表明,1)在感官评价方面,混合青贮的气味和评价总分随着花生秧添加比例的增加显著下降(P<0.05);2)在青贮品质方面,复合添加剂组的pH显著低于乳酸菌组和对照组(P<0.01),使用添加剂可显著降低氨态氮/总氮(P<0.05),显著提高乳酸、丙酸含量(P<0.05);随着花生秧添加比例的增加,pH、氨态氮/总氮和乙酸显著增加(P<0.05);乳酸、丙酸和总酸含量显著下降(P<0.05);3)在营养成分方面,复合添加剂组的可溶性糖含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着花生秧添加比例的增加,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性糖含量和饲料相对饲喂价值显著下降(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维、灰分显著升高(P<0.05)。当花生秧、全株玉米混合青贮的混合比例为1︰3时,混合青贮的青贮品质和营养成分最优,与青贮玉米相似;使用复合青贮添加剂可提高混合青贮的青贮品质。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed ratios and additives on the quality of mixed silages containing peanut vines and whole-plant corn. One peanut vine silage, one corn silage, and three mixed ratio silages containing peanut vines and whole-plant corn were examined in this study. The mass ratio of peanut vine to whole-plant corn was 1∶3, 1∶1, 3∶1 in mixed silages. The control group, composite additive group, and Lactobacillus group were placed in all silages, and each group had three replicates. The silage quality of each group was measured after 60 days at ambient temperature. Results showed that the colour and total score of mixed silages decreased significantly with increasing peanut vine ratios (P < 0.01). The pH of the composite additive group was significantly lower than in the Lactobacillus and control group (P < 0.01). The ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen of mixed silages decreased and lactic acid and propionic acid increased when two kinds of additives were used (P < 0.05). With increasing proportions of peanut vines, pH, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen, and acetic acid increased significantly (P < 0.01), while lactic acid, propionic acid, and total acid decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Water soluble carbohydrates increased significantly after adding compound additives (P < 0.01). With increasing peanut vine ratios, crude protein, ether extract, water soluble carbohydrate, and relative feed value decreased significantly (P < 0.01), while Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash content increased significantly (P < 0.01). We conclude that a peanut vine to whole plant corn ratio of 1∶3 is the optimal proportion for mixed silages, providing a similar silage quality to that of silage corn. Silage compound additives can improve the quality of peanut vine and whole-plant corn mixed silages.