儿童为中心视角下流动儿童权益保护的政策目标定位

Reconstruction of the Migrant Children′s Rights Protection Policy Targeting from the Child-centered Perspective

如何有效保护流动儿童权益是当前儿童福利制度建构的重要议题。经过近30年的发展,我国已经初步建立了流动儿童权益保护政策框架,并在保护主体、保护内容和保护方法上取得了新的进步。目前,保护政策的实施取得了积极的成效,但效果并不十分理想,这折射出流动儿童权益保护政策目标定位存在偏差的问题。儿童为中心视角是对儿童权利的肯定,实现了儿童保护由成人主导向儿童主导的转型。在此视角下,流动儿童权益保护政策的目标定位是儿童优先原则的体现,在国家角色、保护内容、保护方法和保护体系等方面均实现了发展创新,并在个体和系统层面促进实践框架的调整。当然,这一政策目标定位的成功转型还需要进一步思考"如何构建整合的保护体系"的议题。

How to effectively protect the rights and interests of migrant children is an important issue in the construction of the current child welfare system. After nearly 30 years of development, China has initially established a policy framework for the protection of the rights and interests of migrant children, and has made new progress in the protection subjects, contents and methods. At present, the implementation of the protection policy has achieved positive results, but the effect is not very ideal, which reflects the deviation of the target orientation of the protection policy for the rights of migrant children. The child-centered perspective affirms the rights of children and realizes the transition from adult-oriented to child-oriented. From the perspective of child-centered, the targeting orientation of migrant children′s rights and interests protection policy is the embodiment of the principle of children′s priority. It has achieved innovation in the aspects of national role, protection content, protection methods and protection system, and promoted the adjustment of practice framework at the individual and system levels. The successful transformation of this policy targeting still needs further consideration on the topic of "how to build an integrated protection structure".