从羽扇到雅扇的文化流变——中国扇文化的人类学探析

Evolution from Feather Fans to Elegant Fans:A Cultural Anthropological Explanation to Chinese Fans

从中国扇文化的起源和类型特征出发,以文化人类学的理论与方法,阐释了羽扇到雅扇的流变的内在机理,以及与中国社会文化动因的相互关联,并用现代“构架阐释”的学说,分析了殷商时期鸟图腾和神纹崇拜是羽扇出现的观念基础,也是扇作为宫廷仪典的直接动因。雅扇出现于北宋时期的杭州,它是宫廷仪仗文化走向衰微,世俗文化崛起的结果,表征了文人追求性灵自由和赏玩的艺术趣味。羽扇和雅扇是既有内在冲突又相互统一的文化类型的典型代表。

With the theory and method of cultural anthropology,this paper explains the evolution reasons from feather fans to elegant fans,and its connection with the social and historical factors about Chinese fan culture.Further,it analyses that bird totem and divine pattern worship was the concept ground in the appearance of feather fans during Yin Dynasty and Shang Dynasty,and also was the direct cause in taking feather fans as articles for the use of palace ceremony on the theory of framing analysis.Elegant fans appeared in Hangzhou during the Northern Song Dynasty,it was the result of fading-away palace ceremony culture while the secular culture was rising.It shows that scholars pursued spiritual freedom and aesthetic interests at that time.Feather and elegant fans stand for a typical cultural pattern within which exist both conflicts and unification.