妊娠期糖尿病高危因素的研究进展

Progress in Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)是妊娠期常见的代谢并发症,严重危害母亲和婴儿健康,其患病率在过去的几十年里一直稳步上升,确切的病因和发病机制目前尚不完全清楚。通过妊娠前和妊娠早期预测GDM的高危因素并采取针对性预防措施,对控制GDM有重要意义。目前研究表明,GDM的发展涉及许多危险因素,较为公认的包括高龄、超重或肥胖等,同时越来越多的研究证明生活方式、多囊卵巢综合征史、血清维生素D水平、环境污染物以及遗传易感性与GDM发病密切相关。简要综述GDM高危因素的研究进展。

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic complication during pregnancy, which seriously endangers the health of mother and infant. Its prevalence rate has been rising steadily in the past decades, and its exact etiology and pathogenesis are still not completely clear. Early detection of high-risk factors leading to GDM before pregnancy and in early pregnancy and taking targeted preventive measures is of great significance for the control of GDM. Current research suggests that the development of GDM involves many risk factors, including older age, overweight or obesity, etc. At the same time, more and more studies have proved that lifestyle, the history of polycystic ovary syndrome, serum vitamin D concentration, environmental exposure and genetic material are significantly related to the incidence of GDM. This article reviews the research progress of high risk factors of GDM.