知识财产宁有种乎?——信息化时代传统知识保护制度的理论与实践

What Kind of Intellectual Property does It Have: The Theory and Practice of Traditional Knowledge Protection System in the Information Age

文章从知识财产法哲学入手辨析了公有领域和共有资源概念,阐明文化基因作为共有资源内化于文化共同体每一个体的传创活动中,生发为传统知识的丰富内容和表现形式,在原生境下形成“传习--创造--消费”的权利链条。传统知识保护的根本目的乃在于保持文化基因的活力,使其作为群体共有资源被正当接触(知情同意)和合理利用(惠益分享),不被滥用、盗用和歪曲使用,并经由每一个体心传智创的丰富内容和表现形式不断创生繁衍,真正成为创新的源泉。信息化时代传统知识保护制度设计必须解决信息接触途径和利用成本的问题,将代际间授受传承的特定人自发传创活动转化为整个文化共同体自觉传创、面向每一不特定成员的要约邀请和立约信守行为。全球社会在信息化时代期待一个表达中国立场、既保护创造源泉又保护创新成果、以解决人类可持续发展难题为终极目标的新时代知识财产制度。

This paper analyzes the concept of public domain and shared resources from the legal philosophy of intellectual property, and clarifies that cultural genes are the common resources of internalization of each individual in the cultural community. The richness and expression of traditional knowledge are in the original. Under the habitat, a chain of rights to “travel-creation-consumption” is formed. The fundamental purpose of the protection of traditional knowledge is to maintain the vitality of cultural genes, so that they can be properly contacted (informed consent) and rationally used (beneficial sharing) as shared resources of the group, without being abused, misappropriated and misrepresented, and passed through each individual. The rich content and expressions of inheriting and creating with heart continue to create and prosper, and truly become the source of innovation. In the information age, the design of traditional knowledge protection system must solve the problem of information contact and utilization cost, and transform the spontaneous transfer activities of specific people who are passed on from generation to generation into the whole cultural community consciously and offer the invitations to and keep the covenant with each unspecified member. In the age of informationization, the global society expects a new era of intellectual property system that expresses China’s position, protects the source of creation and protects innovation, and solves the problem of sustainable development of human beings as the ultimate goal.