对绘画再现理论之“错觉说”的再反思:以沃尔海姆对贡布里希的解读为中心

Rethinking of Illusion View on Pictorial Representation in Terms of Wollheim’s Explanation for Gombrich’s Argument Gombrich’s Argument

本文讨论绘画再现理论中的错觉说的相关问题。贡布里希的著作《艺术与错觉》常常被认为是错觉说的重要代表,而流行的对于错觉说的解释可能并不符合贡布里希的本意。沃尔海姆对于贡布里希相关观点的误读,促进了这种不符合作者本意的错觉说的流行。本文认为,之所以沃尔海姆会误解贡布里希,是因为“错觉”一词被放在了不同的意义层面来理解:贡布里希对于“错觉”的理解建立在他关于镜像的经验之上,而以沃尔海姆为代表的持流行错觉说的学者以最朴素、最直观方式理解“错觉”,认为与绘画再现相关的错觉是“见图像等于见实物”。

Illusion view is one of the kinds of views explaining pictorial representation. It is usually attributed to Gombrich since his work is titled “Art and Illusion”. However, the prevalent illusion view, which is that viewing a representational painting is identical to viewing the represented object or scene face-to-face, should not be attributed to Gombrich. Perhaps it originates from Wollheim’s misinterpretation of Gombrich’s argument. Perhaps his misunderstanding is based on the ambiguity of the term ‘illusion’,that is to say, Wollheim understands the term in one way while Gombrich probably takes another approach to it.