青藏高原牧区家庭能源消费调查与结构特征——以青海省为例

A study on current situations about household energy consumption of herdsmen of Qinghai Province

牧区是气候变化的敏感区和脆弱区,牧民家庭能源消费是牧区人地关系的重要组成部分。文章基于问卷访谈获取了第一手数据,对青海省4个州市的77户牧区家庭进行了全面深度分析,对比不同收入分组家庭的能源消费数据,研究青藏高原牧区家庭能源消费的结构特征,并建立典型家庭的物质流模型,辨识不同家庭能源消费特点。结果表明:①青海省牧区非商品能源占比为71.6%,受“退牧还草”政策影响,家庭能源消费结构从以畜粪为主转向多种能源组合;②交通用能已经成为牧区家庭能源消费的主要增长点,并呈现进一步增长的趋势;③与低收入家庭相比,高收入家庭的能源消耗种类更多、体量更大、能源流动更频繁。

Pastoral areas are sensitive areas and vulnerable areas of climate change.Energy consumption significantly affects the economy of a country and plays a vital role in the pastoral area's residents live.Research of household-scale energy consumption patterns is an important basic work.Based on semi-structured questionnaires and interviews,this paper investigates the energy use information of 77 households in Qinghai Province,energy consumption patterns of pastoral area's households were analyzed.Specially in this paper a typical household energy flow model was established.The results show that non-commercial energy in Qinghai Province's pastoral areas accounted for 71.6%.Due to the policy of"grazing and returning grassland",the household energy consumption structure shifted from animal manure to multiple energy sources.Besides,traffic energy has become the main growth point of household energy consumption in pastoral areas and shows further growth trend.High-income households have more types of energy,more energy consumption,and more complex energy flows.According to the economic and geographical characteristics of Qinghai,the energy policies are put forward.For example,renewable energy is not only a solution to the energy shortage problem in rural areas,but also helps conserve fossil resources and protect the environment.